The Colt 1851 Navy revolver, a legendary firearm of the American Old West, holds a special place in history. While famed for its percussion cap ignition system, its adaptability led to fascinating modifications, including cartridge conversions. This article delves into the history, mechanics, and modern implications of converting the 1851 Navy to fire metallic cartridges.
The Allure of the 1851 Colt Navy
The 1851 Navy revolver, produced by Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company, became an iconic symbol of the era. Its .36 caliber black powder rounds, though powerful for its time, suffered from the limitations of percussion cap ignition – slow reloading and susceptibility to misfires in adverse weather. The inherent accuracy and elegant design of the 1851 Navy, however, fueled a desire to modernize it.
The Birth of Cartridge Conversion
As metallic cartridge technology advanced in the mid-to-late 19th century, the demand for converting existing firearms became increasingly apparent. The 1851 Navy, with its robust design, was a prime candidate for such a transformation. Several companies and individual gunsmiths developed conversion cylinders designed to accommodate various rimfire cartridges. These conversions typically involved replacing the original cylinder with one featuring chambers bored to accept self-contained cartridges. This allowed for quicker reloading and improved reliability compared to the original percussion system.
Understanding the Mechanics of Conversion
Converting an 1851 Navy to fire cartridges involved a significant modification. The original cylinder, designed for loose powder and a percussion cap, was replaced with a new cylinder featuring bored chambers to accept cartridges. This wasn't a simple swap; it required precision machining and careful fitting to ensure the cylinder rotated smoothly and locked securely in the frame. The conversion cylinder's dimensions needed to precisely match the existing frame, maintaining the firearm’s proper function and safety. Popular cartridge conversions included those using .22 Short, .22 Long, and occasionally even more powerful rounds, although this latter practice requires significant caution and expertise.
Common Cartridge Conversions & Considerations:
- .22 Short and .22 Long: These are the most common conversions due to the readily available ammunition and relatively low recoil.
- Other Calibers: While other conversions exist, they often require custom-made cylinders and careful consideration of the frame's strength to handle the increased pressure. Improper conversions can lead to catastrophic failure.
The Modern Relevance of 1851 Navy Cartridge Conversions
Today, converted 1851 Navy revolvers are prized by collectors and enthusiasts. These firearms represent a fascinating bridge between two eras of firearms technology – the black powder era and the age of metallic cartridges. They also provide a means to shoot a piece of history with more convenience and reliability than the original percussion models.
Caution and Responsible Ownership
It's crucial to emphasize that working with antique firearms, especially modifications like cartridge conversions, requires expertise and caution. Only qualified gunsmiths experienced with these conversions should undertake such work. Improper conversions can render a firearm dangerous, leading to potential injury or damage. Always prioritize safety and adhere to all relevant firearms handling and safety regulations.
Conclusion: A Legacy of Adaptability
The conversion of the 1851 Colt Navy revolver to fire cartridges showcases the ingenuity and adaptability of firearm technology. These modified revolvers are not just historically significant; they represent a blend of history and practicality, appreciated by collectors and shooters alike. However, always remember to handle these historical artifacts with care and respect, ensuring both your safety and the preservation of these iconic firearms.
